前言
Ansible是一款优秀的自动化IT运维工具，具有远程安装、远程部署应用、远程管理能力，支持Windows、Linux、Unix、macOS和大型机等多种操作系统。
下面就以CentOS 7.6为主机操作系统，演示安装Ansible工具的过程，将一个本地应用例子安装到远程主机，并在远程主机上运行应用。
一、环境准备
完成这个例子，最少需要两台主机，一台安装Ansible运维工具本身，用作管理主机，一台用作远程目标主机。
两台主机都预先安装了CentOS 7.6操作系统。
# Ansible管理主机
192.168.6.190 root@k3s-vip
# 远程目标主机
192.168.6.193 root@k3s-node3
二、安装Ansible运维工具
使用SSH登录到拟安装Ansible的主机。
[root@k3s-vip ~]# uname -a Linux k3s-vip 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Ansible的安装过程很简单，只需要一条yum命令。
使用CentOS自带工具yum自动下载、安装Ansible。Ansible依赖于Python语言，安装Ansible时会自动下载、安装Python语言包。
安装过程中会提示是否安装依赖软件包，全部选y。
[root@k3s-vip ~]# yum install ansible Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Determining fastest mirrors * base: centos.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.cqu.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.cqu.edu.cn base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 (1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 187 kB 00:00:01 (2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.4 MB 00:00:15 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package ansible.noarch 0:2.4.2.0-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: sshpass for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python2-jmespath for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-passlib for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-paramiko for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-jinja2 for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-httplib2 for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-cryptography for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package python-httplib2.noarch 0:0.9.2-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package python-jinja2.noarch 0:2.7.2-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-babel >= 0.8 for package: python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-markupsafe for package: python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch ---> Package python-paramiko.noarch 0:2.1.1-9.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python2-pyasn1 for package: python-paramiko-2.1.1-9.el7.noarch ---> Package python-passlib.noarch 0:1.6.5-2.el7 will be installed ---> Package python2-cryptography.x86_64 0:1.7.2-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-idna >= 2.0 for package: python2-cryptography-1.7.2-2.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: python-cffi >= 1.4.1 for package: python2-cryptography-1.7.2-2.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: python-enum34 for package: python2-cryptography-1.7.2-2.el7.x86_64 ---> Package python2-jmespath.noarch 0:0.9.0-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package sshpass.x86_64 0:1.06-2.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package python-babel.noarch 0:0.9.6-8.el7 will be installed ---> Package python-cffi.x86_64 0:1.6.0-5.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-pycparser for package: python-cffi-1.6.0-5.el7.x86_64 ---> Package python-enum34.noarch 0:1.0.4-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package python-idna.noarch 0:2.4-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package python-markupsafe.x86_64 0:0.11-10.el7 will be installed ---> Package python2-pyasn1.noarch 0:0.1.9-7.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package python-pycparser.noarch 0:2.14-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-ply for package: python-pycparser-2.14-1.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package python-ply.noarch 0:3.4-11.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: ansible noarch 2.4.2.0-2.el7 extras 7.6 M Installing for dependencies: python-babel noarch 0.9.6-8.el7 base 1.4 M python-cffi x86_64 1.6.0-5.el7 base 218 k python-enum34 noarch 1.0.4-1.el7 base 52 k python-httplib2 noarch 0.9.2-1.el7 extras 115 k python-idna noarch 2.4-1.el7 base 94 k python-jinja2 noarch 2.7.2-2.el7 base 515 k python-markupsafe x86_64 0.11-10.el7 base 25 k python-paramiko noarch 2.1.1-9.el7 updates 269 k python-passlib noarch 1.6.5-2.el7 extras 488 k python-ply noarch 3.4-11.el7 base 123 k python-pycparser noarch 2.14-1.el7 base 104 k python2-cryptography x86_64 1.7.2-2.el7 base 502 k python2-jmespath noarch 0.9.0-3.el7 extras 39 k python2-pyasn1 noarch 0.1.9-7.el7 base 100 k sshpass x86_64 1.06-2.el7 extras 21 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package (+15 Dependent packages) Total download size: 12 M Installed size: 57 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY ] 0.0 B/s | 574 kB --:--:-- ETA Public key for python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch.rpm is not installed (1/16): python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch.rpm | 1.4 MB 00:00:00 (2/16): python-idna-2.4-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 94 kB 00:00:00 (3/16): python-enum34-1.0.4-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 52 kB 00:00:00 Public key for python-httplib2-0.9.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm is not installed 13% [==========- ] 1.5 MB/s | 1.6 MB 00:00:06 ETA (4/16): python-httplib2-0.9.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 115 kB 00:00:00 (5/16): python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 515 kB 00:00:00 (6/16): python-passlib-1.6.5-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 488 kB 00:00:00 Public key for python-paramiko-2.1.1-9.el7.noarch.rpm is not installed (7/16): python-paramiko-2.1.1-9.el7.noarch.rpm | 269 kB 00:00:00 (8/16): python-ply-3.4-11.el7.noarch.rpm | 123 kB 00:00:00 (9/16): python-pycparser-2.14-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 104 kB 00:00:00 (10/16): python2-cryptography-1.7.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 502 kB 00:00:00 (11/16): python2-pyasn1-0.1.9-7.el7.noarch.rpm | 100 kB 00:00:00 (12/16): python2-jmespath-0.9.0-3.el7.noarch.rpm | 39 kB 00:00:00 (13/16): sshpass-1.06-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 21 kB 00:00:00 (14/16): ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 7.6 MB 00:00:03 (15/16): python-cffi-1.6.0-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 218 kB 00:00:04 (16/16): python-markupsafe-0.11-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 25 kB 00:00:04 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.8 MB/s | 12 MB 00:00:06 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5: Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>" Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5 Package : centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 Is this ok [y/N]: y Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : python2-pyasn1-0.1.9-7.el7.noarch 1/16 Installing : python-enum34-1.0.4-1.el7.noarch 2/16 Installing : python-httplib2-0.9.2-1.el7.noarch 3/16 Installing : sshpass-1.06-2.el7.x86_64 4/16 Installing : python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch 5/16 Installing : python2-jmespath-0.9.0-3.el7.noarch 6/16 Installing : python-passlib-1.6.5-2.el7.noarch 7/16 Installing : python-ply-3.4-11.el7.noarch 8/16 Installing : python-pycparser-2.14-1.el7.noarch 9/16 Installing : python-cffi-1.6.0-5.el7.x86_64 10/16 Installing : python-markupsafe-0.11-10.el7.x86_64 11/16 Installing : python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch 12/16 Installing : python-idna-2.4-1.el7.noarch 13/16 Installing : python2-cryptography-1.7.2-2.el7.x86_64 14/16 Installing : python-paramiko-2.1.1-9.el7.noarch 15/16 Installing : ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch 16/16 Verifying : python-idna-2.4-1.el7.noarch 1/16 Verifying : python-markupsafe-0.11-10.el7.x86_64 2/16 Verifying : python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch 3/16 Verifying : python-ply-3.4-11.el7.noarch 4/16 Verifying : python-passlib-1.6.5-2.el7.noarch 5/16 Verifying : python2-jmespath-0.9.0-3.el7.noarch 6/16 Verifying : python-paramiko-2.1.1-9.el7.noarch 7/16 Verifying : python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch 8/16 Verifying : ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch 9/16 Verifying : python-cffi-1.6.0-5.el7.x86_64 10/16 Verifying : sshpass-1.06-2.el7.x86_64 11/16 Verifying : python-httplib2-0.9.2-1.el7.noarch 12/16 Verifying : python2-pyasn1-0.1.9-7.el7.noarch 13/16 Verifying : python-enum34-1.0.4-1.el7.noarch 14/16 Verifying : python-pycparser-2.14-1.el7.noarch 15/16 Verifying : python2-cryptography-1.7.2-2.el7.x86_64 16/16 Installed: ansible.noarch 0:2.4.2.0-2.el7 Dependency Installed: python-babel.noarch 0:0.9.6-8.el7 python-cffi.x86_64 0:1.6.0-5.el7 python-enum34.noarch
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